The variant’s nickname reflects its pattern of appearing, disappearing and then resurging, reminiscent of cicada emergence cycles. First detected in South Africa in late 2024 before fading and re‑emerging, Cicada has now been reported in at least 20–25 countries and around half of US states, and is taking a growing but still minority share of infections in some regions (Northeastern University, 2026).

70–75 spike‑protein mutations

Cicada carries roughly 70–75 spike‑protein mutations – far more than recent dominant variants such as JN.1 – raising concerns about its ability to bypass existing immunity, according to Gavi. Early analyses suggest reduced protection against infection from prior vaccination or infection, though current vaccines are still expected to provide meaningful protection against severe outcomes.

Variant under monitoring

The World Health Organization has designated BA.3.2/Cicada a “variant under monitoring,” and agencies such as the US CDC are tracking its spread via genomic and wastewater surveillance, according to PBS and US News reports. Key questions now are whether Cicada’s immune‑evasion profile will give it a lasting growth advantage over other lineages and how well updated vaccines and boosters will perform if its prevalence continues to rise, according to expert commentary from Gavi.